Beau在美式英语中的常用意思是什么?

在国内在线词典里查询单词Beau的意思,你会得到一连串的解释,包括:男朋友;花花公子;情郎;喜修饰者;纨绔子弟;求爱者等等。

这些解释都没有错。实际上,随着时代的变化,这个词的用法也在不断演变。Beau这个词源自法语:“beau”, 意思是美貌的,漂亮的。发音是/boʊ/。较早常用的含义包括:花花公子、纨绔子弟、过分注重外貌、打扮的男子。(另外需要注意,beau的复数形式是beaux,发音为/boʊz/)

但如今,Beau在美国英语里用得更多,或更为主要的含义是:男友、男伴。作为“男友”使用时,可与boyfriend互换(interchangeable)。但除了表示一般的boyfriend意思之外,Beau还可以用来表示一种短暂陪伴、不固定的恋爱关系,有时双方可能只是出于性的需要而交往。而boyfriend则相对更为稳定、正式,彼此注重承诺(more committed)。Urbandictionary对beau有这样的解释:A guy who is a love interest, but not necessarily anything official. Someone who a girl is casually dating, hooking up with, seeing or mutually flirting with. A nicer term for a butt-buddy. 在这里,beau更可以理解为“性伴”。

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Wiktionary还指出,Beau所具有的以下两种含义已经较少使用(dated):(1)A man with a reputation for fine dress and etiquette; a dandy or fop.(2)A male lover; a boyfriend. 如今,Beau在美语里最常用的意思是“A male escort”(男性玩伴、伴游)。Will在网上看到有把new beau翻译为“新欢”的,倒是相当贴切。如这个例子:She appeared with her new beau.(她携新欢一同现身。)

也许正因为具有比boyfriend更为复杂的内涵,beau这个字眼经常出现在美国娱乐八卦,甚至刑事案件的新闻头条中。前两天,Khloe Kardashian的前夫Lamar Odom就有对前妻的新男友发出警告:别动我的女人!(Lamar Odom still calls Khloe Kardashian his wife and offers warning to her new beau)。而最近不幸离世的Bobbi Christina,以及女演员Edena Hines,她们的男友都无一例外被媒体称为Beau。或许这就是beau和boyfriend的区别?

最后,和大家分享一个记忆beau这个单词的小技巧:它刚好由单词beautiful的前四个字母组成哦。这下你再也不会为记不住这个奇怪的源自法语的单词而烦恼啦!

Writ large是什么意思?

不知道你是否熟悉这个短语: writ large,总之我是今天首次见到。一番研究之后发现,它其实是个很实用的英文表达,来和我学习它的发音和用法吧。

本来,Will是想研究一下“Fifty Shades of Grey”(中译名:《五十度灰》)这个BDSM题材的小说系列为何如此爆红。结果看到了该书作者E.L.James的一段访谈,她在分享这部颇具争议作品的创作起源时,用到了”writ large”这个短语。原文如下:

James initially wrote fan fiction under the pen name “Snowqueen’s Icedragon”, with her most notable work being a Twilight fanfiction that eventually developed into Fifty Shades of Grey, which was subsequently adapted into a film. James has spoken of her shock at the success of the book. “The explosion of interest has taken me completely by surprise” she said. James has described the Fifty Shades trilogy as “my midlife crisis, writ large. All my fantasies in there, and that’s it.” …

上段英文的大意是:最初,James以写fanfiction(粉丝自创小说)起家,笔名为“Snowqueen’s Icedragon”。其最引人瞩目的作品是为《暮光之城》所写的一部fanfiction,最终演变成为《Fifty Shades of Grey》,并被改编成电影。该书的大获成功,James自己也始料未及:“这部作品的受欢迎程度绝对让我大吃一惊”。James将Fifty Shades of Grey三部曲形容为:“我的中年危机,经过了放大。其中有自己所有的幻想,就是这样。”

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Writ large,Dictionary.com对它的英文解释为:Signified, expressed, or embodied with greater magnitude, as in That book on Lincoln is simply an article writ large。(用更浓重的笔墨去象征,表达,或是体现。比如:那部关于林肯的书,实际上不过是一篇文章的放大版而已)。

在中文里,writ large可考虑翻译为:放大过的,更明显的。通常位于名词后面,作为形容词对其进行修饰。

关于writ large的起源,Wiktionary给出了如下解释:”writ (“written”) + large; a reference to Plato’s Republic, wherein he describes the state (like the city-state) as being like the individual, but larger and easier to examine。”该词由writ和large构成,其中writ可以理解为written的缩写(注意并非指单词writ,writ的意思是”令状”);有时也指柏拉图的《理想国》,其中他将国家比作个人,只是规模更大,更容易对其进行审视。

Writ large怎么读呢?Writ large的发音是:/rit laːrdʒ/,注意/i/是个短元音。你可以关注微信公众号:Will的美语课,回复writlarge可以收听发音。

另外,根据Cambridge Dictionaries Online,writ large被归为formal类(used in serious writing, or for communicating with people in a serious or polite way)。所以你会更多地在正式谈话或文章中见到这个表达哦。

Level playing field是什么意思?

Level playing field这个英文短语常常在商业相关的语境中出现,可你知道它具体是什么意思吗?这个短语中的level,以及playing field又指的是什么呢?

其实,level playing field的意思是:公平竞争环境。维基百科指出:In commerce, a level playing field is a concept about fairness, not that each player has an equal chance to succeed, but that they all play by the same set of rules. 商业环境中,level playing field是一个有关公平的概念,这并非指每个玩家都具有平等的成功机会,而是指他们都遵守相同的游戏规则。

知名财经知识站点Investorwords对Level playing field的英文解释是:Environment in which all companies in a given market must follow the same rules and are given an equal ability to compete. 指特定市场中所有公司都必须遵守相同规则、并被给予平等竞争能力的环境。

仔细分析一下这个短语的构成会帮你更好地记忆、理解它。所谓playing field是体育运动里“赛场”的意思。Level在这里作为形容词,意思是“水平的”、“平整的”(having an even or flat surface; being in a plane parallel to the plane of the horizon; horizontal.)。对于在竞赛场地中打比赛的运动来说,为确保公平竞争,比赛双方通常会在半场的时候交换场地。这样就不会有任何一方会因为场地的原因导致竞争时处于劣势。

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最后,我们看几个来自Investorwords,关于如何在日常口语中使用level playing field的例子:

You should always try to offer a level playing field at your work place so everyone has a fair chance.

Company executives were happy to see the shady dealings of their competitors finally come to a halt now that government regulatory agencies were in place to prevent malfeasance and maintain a level playing field for all companies.

补充:

关于level playing field,有一个很有意思的用法变化,在这里做个补充说明。你只需在level后面加一个单词the,就可以把level由形容词(adjective)变成一个动词(verb),整个短语也由名词短语变为动词短语:level the playing field,意思是:使竞争环境变得公平。(参见thefreedictionary.com的解释:to give everyone the same advantages or opportunities. “It was an effort to level the playing field and achieve greater equality between the sexes.” )

注:本文最近更新于2019年12月7日。

单词Abide的意思及用法

根据Oxford Dictionaries,Abide的英文意思是:“Accept or act in accordance with (a rule, decision, or recommendation)”,即:服从或按照决定/规则行事。Dictionary.com对abide的解释包括:“to accept without opposition or question”,即:接受,无反对意见及问题。

Sparknotes在The 1000 Most Common SAT Words(1000个常用SAT词汇)中指出,abide还有”to put up with”的意思,意即:忍受。例句:Though he did not agree with the decision, Chuck decided to abide by it(尽管不同意该决定,Chuck仍决定服从)。

版权声明:如无特别说明,本站所有文章均由Will的美语课(Learnenglishwithwill.com)原创。本站欢迎少量文字引用,但请注明出处。任何网站或个人,未经授权,不得抄袭、转载、盗用本站内容,违者必究。

最近Colorado movie theater massacre案件的主犯James Holmes被科罗拉多州Arapahoe County District Court裁定为终身监禁不得保释(life in prison without parole),一些受害者(victims)家属认为该案的最终判决不够公平,他们表示:“He is living, he is breathing and our loved ones are gone.”, “Doesn’t make sense and I don’t believe it. We still have to abide by it and accept it and there’s those of us that believe, you know, he may be killed in prison which would probably happen sooner than if he were sentenced to death. However we just have to deal and accept it.” (例句来自:PBS, August 8, 2015)

在上面的段落中,用到了一个固定词组,abide by,意思是“to submit to; agree to”。在这里,受害者的家属其实表达了一层put up with的意思:尽管不满意,却不得不接受现实(deal and accept it)。

Southpaw是什么意思?

southpaw-meaning-definition-jake-gyllenhaal-movie-name

由万达投资的美国拳击剧情电影Southpaw由好莱坞一线男星Jake Gyllenhaal担纲,该片的中译名是《铁拳》,其实属意译,你知道Southpaw到底是什么意思吗?

尽管电影Southpaw被翻译为《铁拳》,但这个单词的真正意思是:左撇子。请看Dictionary.com对Southpaw的解释:a person who is left-handed. 在体育项目中,Southpaw的说法常用于两类竞技。一种是棒球(baseball),指a player who throws with the left hand, especially a pitcher. 也就是在棒球运动中以左手投球的投手。

另一种运动,与《铁拳》密切相关,就是拳击(boxing)。A boxer who leads with the right hand and stands with the right foot forward, using the left hand for the most powerful blows.专指右脚在前,右手为前手拳,左拳为后手重拳的拳手(Will注:专业的说法叫“左架”,或“反架”)。在电影中,Jake Gyllenhaal饰演的Billy Hope是位左撇子拳手。【2015.9.1更新:好吧,根据Will最新了解到的信息,在影片中,Billy Hope其实并非是位左撇子拳手。基本上,他采用的是正架站位(orthodox stance)。包括在影片的宣传海报中,我们可以看到Jake Gyllenhaal也并非以反架姿势出现。所以,也许从这个角度来看,Southpaw的名字也许有些名不副实?或者根本就是一个误解?关于这个问题,如果你有兴趣的话,请参考这两篇英文文章:‘Southpaw’ doesn’t appear to be about a southpaw(’southpaw’似乎貌似与左撇子无关),A Southpaw’s Review(一个左撇子拳手的影评)】

版权声明:如无特别说明,本站所有文章均由Will的美语课(Learnenglishwithwill.com)原创。本站欢迎少量文字引用,但请注明出处。任何网站或个人,未经授权,不得抄袭、转载、盗用本站内容,违者必究。

我们看下面的示例,图中女拳手就是使用的左架站位(Southpaw Stance)。

stance_southpaw-v2

为什么southpaw是左撇子的意思?Southpaw的起源/由来是什么?Dictionary.com继续解释:from paw (in the sense: hand): originally a term applied to a left-handed baseball player: perhaps so called because baseball pitchers traditionally face west, so that a left-handed pitcher would throw with the hand on the south side of his body。源自paw(爪)这个单词,有“手”之意。最初用于棒球中的左撇子投手。south呢?可能因棒球投手传统上面向西边,则左撇子投手的手正好位于身体南侧。

在接受媒体采访时,Jake Gyllenhaal坦言,自己此前在打拳方面根本就是小白(didn’t know how to throw a punch),为了更好诠释角色,花了1个月的时间苦练刺拳(Jab),又花了1个月的时间练习脚法(footwork),且全程拒用替身(double)。(以下是Jake访谈的音频片段,你可以试试把内容听写出来,回复在评论中哦)


《华盛顿邮报》对Jake演出的评价是“脱胎换骨”(Jake Gyllenhaal transforms in the boxing drama ‘Southpaw’)。看来为了演绎好轻重量级拳王(light heavyweight champion of the world)的角色,Jake的确是蛮拼的。

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